*Villains*+Page

Possible Villains list released Monday 15th August ... From Jarrod T. Thank You Jarrod for doing this. It must have taken you a long time. I really appreciate it. :) Mrs Hickey. I added a few more villians to the villans page... Scroll down below :) From Kate. Thank you Kate. I really appreciate it :) Butcher bird - Cracticus torquatus Lepidlizard

What does it look like?
The adult Grey Butcherbird has a black crown and face and a grey back, with a thin white collar. The wings are grey, with large areas of white and the underparts are white. The grey and black bill is large, with a small hook at the tip of the upper bill. The eye is dark brown and the legs and feet are dark grey. Both sexes are similar in plumage, but the females are slightly smaller than the males. Young Grey Butcherbirds resemble adults, but have black areas replaced with olive-brown and a buff wash on the white areas. The bill is completely dark grey and often lacks an obvious hook. They are sometimes mistaken for small kingfishers.

 Similar species
The Black Butcherbird, //Cracticus quoyi//, from the rainforests and mangroves of the north of Australia is all black, with a blue-grey bill. The widespread Pied Butcherbird, //C. nigrogularis//, is larger and boldly marked in black and white.

 Distribution
Grey Butcherbirds range from mid-eastern Queensland, through southern Australia, including Tasmania, to northern Western Australia. There is an isolated population in the Kimberley and the northernmost parts of the Northern Territory.

 Feeding
Grey Butcherbirds are aggressive predators. They prey on small animals, including birds, lizards and insects, as well as some fruits and seeds. Uneaten food may be stored in the fork or a branch or impaled. Grey Butcherbirds sit on an open perch searching for prey which, once sighted, they pounce on. Most mobile prey is caught on the ground, though small birds and insects may be caught in flight. Feeding normally takes place alone, in pairs or in small family groups. (Gabriel Collet)

= __Cane Toad - Bufo marinus Froggydarb__ = 1.Every year each female Cane Toad produce two clutches of about 8,000 to 35,000 eggs.(jordan) 2. (HBall) 3.They eat worms, large wood ants, beetles, smaller cane toads, fish, mice, rats, and other frogs(HBall) 4.Can be eaten by pale he aded snakes and can kill the pale headed snake by it's poison (HBall) 5.DIET: Cane Toads normally prey on insects and will eat any animal that they can ingest. Cane Toads eat almost anything such as small lizards, frogs, birds, fish, mice, bees, worms, dung beetles, scarab beetles and even younger Cane Toads. They are also known to steal food from dogs and cats if their food dishes that are left outside.(jordan) 6.The Cane Toad is the largest species in its family (jordan) 7.Adult Cane Toads are usually heavy-built and weigh an average of up to 1.8kg (jordan) **8.Scientific name:** //Bufo marinus (jordan)// **9.Family:** Bufonidae (jordan) **10.Order:** Anuran (Salientia) (jordan) **11.Class:** Amphibian (jordan)

Feral cats - Felis silvestris catus dr_relling

__Feral Cats__

 * Cats are not native to Australia. They were introduced probably around the time of first European settlement. During the 19th century, thousands of cats were released in the gold fields to control mice. Cats were also popular with settlers to keep down the numbers of rabbits and native rats.(Kate)
 * Many were released or escaped into the bush were they are able to fend for themselves.(Kate)
 * A number of feral cats recognised as threats to native animals and plants. (Kate)
 * Feral cats impact on native species by predation, competition for food and shelter, destroying habitat and by spreading diseases.(Kate)
 * They also can cause soil erosion.(Kate)
 * Can carry many common diseases.(Kate)
 * Feral cats mostly live in towns and rural areas. They form colonies wherever they can find food and shelter, for example in parks, restaurant alleys, hospital grounds and barns.(Kate)

Lantana - Lantana camera


 * First introduced to Australia in the 1840s in SA. By the 1860s, it was reported as a weed in Sydney and Brisbane. (Amy)
 * Declared a noxious weed in the 1920s and in 2006 was listed as a major threat in the NSW //Threatened Species Conservation Act (1995).// (Amy)
 * Can release chemicals into the soil to prevent native flora from growing, eventually taking over native bushland. (Amy)
 * It can produce up to 12,000 seeds from __one__ plant in a year. (Amy)
 * It invades pastures and forests and is poisonous to stock. (Amy)
 * In Kangaroo Valley the NPWS has removed large areas of lantana to protect an important habitat for brush-tailed rock-wallabies. (Amy)
 * NPWS has released leaf rust over 100 sites in NSW in an attempt to control it biologically. (Amy)

Perentie - Varanus giganteus //**(Gaby .T)**//
 * The Perentie is the largest lizard in Australia.
 * It's habitat is around rocky hills and outcrops in arid areas.
 * It shelters in burrows, which it digs with its powerful front legs and claws.
 * It's Food it likes to snakes, rabbits, birds, eggs and small marsupials such as wallabies.
 * Young ones eat lizards, insects and small mammals.
 * It's range it is found in is arid parts of South Australia, Western Australia, Queensland and the Northern Territory.

Pesticide Usage

Pesticises are substances or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any pest. A pesticide may be a chemical substance, biological agent (such as a virus or bacterium), antimicrobial, disinfectant or device used against any pest. Pests include insects, plant pathogens, weeds, molluscs, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms), and microbes that destroy property, spread disease or are a vector for disease or cause a nuisance. Although there are benefits to the use of pesticides, there are also drawbacks, such as potential toxicity to humans and other animals. According to the stockholm convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, 9 of the 12 most dangerous and persistent organic chemicals are pesticides.
 * (Adam)**

Poor Ecological Practices **Poor ecological practices effect the environment and it creates global warming and other weather problems.It can also be unnecessarily harmful to the environment. An example of this that was spread to the world was: Dumping raw sewage into the nation's aquifers.This is very disgusting and can create a massive impact on animals, plants and the whole environment. __//Joshana Jacob 6 White :) //__** Powerful Owl - Ninox strenua = **__Powerful Owls__** =

They are Australia's largest and most powerful owls.

They are found North as far as Rockhampton and Mackay and South and West as far as the Victoria**/**South Australia Border.

They require a large area to hunt.

They are threatened species.
 * (Tonia)**

Red fox - Vulpes vulpes
 * The Red Fox**


 * The red fox is the largest fox of all foxes.**


 * The red fox is found in parts of the northen hemisphere.**


 * They are found in Northen Africa, and in some places of asia.**


 * They live in different types of habitats like forests, grasslands, montains and deserts.**


 * The red fox feeds on rodents, rabbits, birds and many other small type of animal. foxes will eat vegetable, frogs, fish and even worms.**


 * The red fox is a type of mammal and its diet is omnivore. Their life span is 2 to 4 years.**


 * They weigh up to 3 to 11 kilos.**


 * (Daniel)**


 * **The Red Fox is the largest of the true foxes.**


 * **They are most geographically spread member of the Carnivore.**


 * **The Red Fox can be found throughout much of North America and Eurasia, as well as Northern America.**


 * ( Varsha )**

=__**Red-headed Mouse Spider - Missulena occatoria**__=

**.These spiders are common but are very secretive and rarely seen.(Liam, Adam)**
Red Imported Fire Ant - Solenopsis Invicta

=__**Red Fire Ants**__=

**5. Red fire ants** **are most commonly 5mm in length** (Curtis)
Rising temperatures

**__Rising Temperatures__**
•Rising temperatures can occur anywhere and at anytime (Sophia) •One piece of example from rising temperatures was in 2007 in South-Eastern Australia, where the Murray and Snowy river were dried up and the land went dry and rocky/hard(Sophia) •Many temperatures can threaten the animals (like a Kangaroo/Wallaby) and the environment (trees, flowers) in Australia, especially if the temperature reaches over 45 degrees. (Sophia) •Most commonly desserts in south-east and south-west of Australia is where the temperature rises a lot (Sophia)

Sewage Leaks Sewage leaks arnt very comman. Sewage leaks can cause parentral damage to water systems by sewage getting into the water we drink and messing it up. Sewage leaks can make little muddy strams in the gutter some time blocking the drains. Sewage leaks are sometimes dangerous to people exspeshly elderly people because they might fall or slip over and hit there head or badly hurt them self. Sewage leaks can course wet (slipery) roads and slipery roads can cause damage to you, the other driver, passangers, damange your vechicles and could damange poles or other peoples property (Josh) There are many sources of sewer leakage. All are structural defects, including cracks, fractures, joint displacement, deformation, collapse, reverse gradients and unsealed connections. All work on assets, even just appraisals, will cost money. Owners of the assets will quite rightly ask those proposing works what are the costs and what are the benefits. Infiltration causes four main problems. The first and probably most apparent cause is unnecessary pumping and treatment costs. The second is the risk of structural collapse as the finer material from the surrounding soil is washed into the sewer by the ingress of the groundwater. This in turn reduces the support to the pipe, increasing stress locally, and causing failure. The finer material washed into the sewer itself creates the third problem by gradually silting the sewer network, including pumping stations and treatment works (increased pump wear). The last problem is the reduction in capacity of the network.Sewers have been in existence almost as long as people have lived in dwellings. (David) Vegetation

Black Rat - Rattus rattus =-6 3/8" – 9 7/16" in length, with a tail longer than the head and body.= =-150 – 200g in weight.=

-Pointed nose, large ears and a slender body
=-Quite Rare. Appearance confined mainly to ports.= =-Often climbs, agile, rarely burrowing and rarely outdoors in Australia.= =-Preferred food is moist fruits.= =-Will eat around 15g of food a day and drink 15ml.= BY JAMIE.Y

Distribution
The Black Rat has now spread throughout much of coastal Australia and is most commonly seen in urban environments, but also in undisturbed areas around the coast.

Habitat
The Black Rat lives in urban areas. They prefer to live in roofs, cavity walls, trees, scrapes or burrows around farms, making nests of shredded materials. Black Rats are very closely associated with humans, common in urban areas, and are very agile climbers.

Feeding and Diet
The Black Rat has successfully adapted to human urbanisation partly because it eats just about anything.

Other behaviours and adaptations
Black Rats are nocturnal, but are often seen during the day.

Mating and reproduction
The Black Rat is a prolific breeder. Females have litters of about five to ten young and may have up to six litters per year. The young are born blind but develop rapidly and are weaned after 20 days. by johan BTW teacher told me to do black rat with brendan p
 * ===The Black rat eats seeds, fruit, stems, leaves, fungi, and a variety of invertebrates and vertebrates.===
 * ===The black rat arrived in Europe in the early middle ages but has spread to large areas of the world===
 * ===They live in trees, shops, warehouses and are known as roof rats/===
 * ===they are great climbers that build there nest out of sticks and dry leaves up among branches but will nest in burrows if there are no suitable trees From Brendan Phan===